Flowcharts are diagrams that use standard symbols and shapes to represent the steps and decision-making processes of an algorithm. Each shape has a specific meaning, and arrows show the flow of the algorithm from start to finish. You must know the standard flowchart symbols and be able to create, interpret, and complete flowcharts.
Key points
Terminal (oval): marks the Start or Stop of an algorithm.
Process (rectangle): represents an operation or calculation being performed.
Input/Output (parallelogram): represents data being entered or displayed.
Decision (diamond): represents a Yes/No or True/False question, leading to different paths.
Sub-program (rectangle with double vertical lines): refers to a predefined function or procedure.
Lines/Arrows: connect symbols and show the direction of flow through the algorithm.
Flowcharts make it easy to visualise the logic of an algorithm, especially selection and iteration.
Exam Tip:Decision boxes MUST be labelled with True/False or Yes/No on each branch — missing labels lose marks.
Exam Tip:All paths must connect properly — start at Start and end at Stop. No 'dangling' boxes.
Exam Tip:Use parallelograms for BOTH input AND output — not just input.