Software can be released under different licences. Open source software is freely available to use, modify, and distribute. Proprietary software is owned by a company, and users must pay for a licence to use it.
Key points
Definition:Open Source Software: software where the source code is publicly available. Anyone can use, modify, and distribute it for free.
Definition:Proprietary Software: software owned by an individual or company. The source code is kept secret, and users must buy a licence to use it.
Open source advantages: free to use/modify/share, can be adapted to specific needs, often supported by a large community.
Open source disadvantages: no official customer support, may require technical skill to install and use.
Proprietary advantages: well-tested and reliable, official customer support, may not require complex installation.
Proprietary disadvantages: must be paid for, cannot be modified or customised, user depends on the company for updates.
Exam Tip:Comparison questions are common. Give at least TWO advantages and TWO disadvantages for each type.
Common Mistake:Saying open source is 'less secure'. Open source can actually be MORE secure because the code is reviewed by many developers.
Exam Tip:Benefits to DEVELOPER of proprietary: (1) can earn money by selling licences, (2) no one can see/steal the code, (3) more control over intellectual property.
Exam Tip:Benefits to USERS of open source: (1) free of charge, (2) can modify/adapt to their needs, (3) can fix bugs themselves, (4) can learn how the software works.
Common Mistake:Giving benefits to the WRONG party. If asked about benefits to the programmer, don't give user benefits (and vice versa).
Exam Tip:For 8-mark extended response on open source vs proprietary: cover features, legal/ethical issues, benefits and drawbacks for BOTH types, and give a JUSTIFIED recommendation at the end.
Exam Tip:Both open source and proprietary provide copyright — this is NOT a difference. The difference is in access to source code and freedom to modify.