Computer networks allow devices to share data and resources. The two main types are LANs (Local Area Networks) covering small areas and WANs (Wide Area Networks) covering large geographical areas.
Key points
Definition:Computer Network: a collection of connected devices that can communicate and share data and resources.
Definition:LAN (Local Area Network): covers a small geographical area (e.g. a school, home, office). Often owned and managed by a single person or organisation.
Definition:WAN (Wide Area Network): covers a wide geographical area (e.g. across countries). Often made up of several LANs connected together.
The Internet is the largest example of a WAN.
LANs typically connect a small number of devices; WANs connect many more.
WANs are usually slower than LANs and have a higher cost per byte for transmission.
Exam Tip:In comparison questions, mention GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, OWNERSHIP, SPEED, and COST as key differences between LAN and WAN.
Definition:Key LAN characteristic: uses its own/dedicated hardware (e.g. switches, cables) — no external/third-party infrastructure needed.
Exam Tip:When asked for a characteristic of a LAN (not a benefit), say 'uses dedicated/own hardware' or 'computers use MAC addresses within the LAN'. Do NOT give a benefit like 'cheaper'.
Definition:WAN: computers are geographically remote AND communication medium is NOT owned by the organisation (uses third-party infrastructure like phone lines/internet).
Common Mistake:Defining WAN as just 'a network over a wide area' — you must also mention it uses third-party infrastructure/is not owned by one organisation.