All data in a computer must be stored in binary (0s and 1s) because computer hardware uses electronic switches (transistors) that have only two states: on (1) and off (0). This includes numbers, text, images, and sound.
Key points
Definition:Binary (Base 2): a number system that uses only the digits 0 and 1, which computers use to represent all data and instructions.
Binary has only two states: 0 and 1, which map directly to the on/off states of electronic components (transistors).
This simplicity makes it easier to design, build, and maintain reliable computer hardware.
ALL data — numbers, text, images, sound — must be converted to binary before a computer can process it.
Exam Tip:If asked WHY computers use binary, always link it to hardware: transistors/switches have two states (on/off), making binary the natural choice.